The APRU Gender Gap survey was administered to 65 participating universities (APRU and Universitas 21 members) across 23 economies in May 2018. The survey was officially closed in December 2018 and a total of 39 institutions completed the survey. The key overall trends remain similar to those in the 2013 survey, in that females are under-represented in university leadership positions, most notably in academic, academic management and executive positions.