The Asia Pacific region harbour a substantial proportion of the Earth’s nine million species, including several biodiversity hotspots. Rapid economic development and the impacts of climate change have had significant impact on the region’s biodiversity and the ecosystem services they serve.  Healthy ecosystems underpin all life on earth. Their functions regulate disease and climate, purify the air and support pollination and the provision of food and clean water. Biodiversity is a key indicator of healthy ecosystems.    APRU member institutions represent a significant portion of the world’s research and knowledge capabilities on the subject of biodiversity. This program provides a platform to capitalize on this expertise and support catalytic partnerships and collaborations. By bringing together and connecting, scientists, experts and key stakeholders across disciplines and sectors it will create new opportunities for collective action to address biodiversity loss, protect ecosystems and combat the impacts of climate change. 

A school of parore fish swim alongside mussels. Photo: The University of Auckland In celebration of 2024 World Ocean Day, we are featuring APRU member, The University of Auckland, to promote and inspire action for our oceans & climate. A collaborative research project between Waipapa Taumata Rau, The University of Auckland and the University of New England has shown environmental gains from aquaculture are possible. The study, supported by The Nature Conservancy in New Zealand and Maine, compared fish and invertebrate populations at farmed and non-farmed sites in New Zealand’s Hauraki Gulf and the Gulf of Maine in the US. The findings suggest that mussel and seaweed farming can enhance wild fish populations and biodiversity by serving as habitats for marine species, as well as providing food for people.  “Fish populations found on mussel and kelp-mussel farms in the Hauraki Gulf were equal to or greater than those at the non-farm sites, in both diversity and abundance,” said Andrew Jeffs, Professor of Marine Science of the University of Auckland. Additionally, snapper at farm sites had more nutritious diets compared to those in the wild. “These farms can offer crucial settlement and nursery habitats, enhancing biodiversity and fishery productivity,” he added. See this video for further information. Professor Andrews Jeffs of The University of Auckland. Photo: The University of Auckland Dr Rob Major from The Nature Conservancy Aotearoa New Zealand emphasised the significance of this project in filling a knowledge gap regarding the habitat benefits of commercial aquaculture, particularly in cold water ecosystems like those in Maine and New Zealand. The research also suggests that aquaculture can support environmental restoration and community development by providing employment and boosting the local economy. Dr Carrie Byron from the University of New England mentioned that while farm ecosystems are not substitutes for wild ones, they can provide regenerative benefits that help mitigate climate impacts. While this and other research shows that kelp and shellfish farms can provide important ecosystem benefits, the future of the industry depends on social acceptability and the perceived value consumers may place on ecosystem services provided by aquaculture. To better understand this, researchers from University of New England, University of Massachusetts, and Stanford University asked U.S. consumers what price they would be willing to pay for a range of seaweed products. The study found that consumers would pay more for seaweed products after learning about their environmental benefits. World Ocean Day, powered by the World Ocean Day Youth Advisory Council on June 8 and year round, catalyzes collective action for a healthy ocean and a stable climate. The APRU Annual Presidents’ Meeting, for its part, will be held June 24-26 on the shores of the Pacific Ocean in Tāmaki Makaurau (the Māori name for Auckland). Hosted by the University of Auckland under the theme “Oceans – The World’s Challenges Divide Us, the Ocean Currents Connect Us”, the event will explore and exchange knowledge and insights to consider the impacts of climate change on the oceans and the implications for communities and indigenous populations, climate justice, as well as food and water security.

In commemoration of the World Ocean Day and the lead-up to the APRU Annual Presidents’ Meeting, the University of Sydney (USYD) is making waves with groundbreaking oceanic initiatives. These efforts are not only inspiring but also critical in addressing some of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. From sustainable livelihood projects in the South Pacific to genomic conservation programs for threatened species, USYD’s interdisciplinary approach showcases the power of collaboration in fostering a healthier planet. The university’s focus spans various domains, including: Sustainable livelihoods within the water-energy-food security nexus Genomic resources for managing Australia’s threatened species Innovative bioinformatic tools for conservation management As these efforts converge, they underscore a unified commitment to ocean health and biodiversity, inspiring actions and policies that resonate worldwide. Sustainable Livelihoods in Coastal Environments The current interdisciplinary collaboration of the USYD Marine Studies Institute’s co-director, Associate Professor Eleanor Bruce, has focused on methods for incorporating sustainable livelihoods within the water-energy-food security nexus. This has involved using spatial modelling and remote sensing to assess environmental livelihood security (ELS) in coastal environments of the South Pacific. Bioinformatic Tools: Empowering Conservation Managers Worldwide Professor Carolyn Hogg, for her part, is the lead of the Threatened Species Initiative, a national program in Australia that is generating genomic resources for management actions for Australia’s threatened species. This program has 204 collaborators across the country generating genomic resources for both terrestrial and marine species, including the Maugean skate, grey nurse shark, and the white-bellied seahorse.  “Biodiversity is essential for all life on earth, including humans, and as humanity has made significant technological advances that have massively impacted the planet, it is within our capacity to use these technologies to improve how we protect it,” said Professor Carolyn Hogg, the Science Lead & Chair of the national Threatened Species Initiative. “We need people to reconnect with nature and recognize that it is not what we say or do that matters, but how we act.” Prof. Hogg’s team and the Threatened Species Initiative have developed a range of bioinformatic tools to permit easy use of genomics to informing conservation management decisions. These tools have been specifically designed for conservation managers who undertake activities to conserve species. As part of the program a free on-line training course has been developed and released via Youtube for easy access anywhere in the world, including subtitles to ensure accessibility for non-English speakers. In addition, the team developed free on-line bioinformatic tools that can be used on Galaxy Australia by the Life Sciences community in Australia and the South Pacific. The biodiversity assessment toolset (to be released in late 2024) will allow conservation end-users to be able to report against the genetic requirements under the Convention on Biological Diversity. To date, there have been over 1,000 views on the Youtube training modules, and more than 300 conservation end-users will be trained in genetic literacy by the end of 2024. “Through the Threatened Species Initiative, we have seen a change in the management practices of both terrestrial and marine species using genomic data,” Prof. Hogg said. The synergy between these initiatives has the potential to create transformative change, emphasizing the interconnectedness of our ecosystems and the imperative of collaborative efforts. By integrating technological advancements, community engagement, and robust policy frameworks, we are forging a path towards sustainable management and preservation of our marine environments. This holistic approach not only addresses immediate ecological challenges but also sets a precedent for future conservation endeavors, ensuring the resilience and vitality of oceanic life for generations to come. ****************** World Ocean Day, powered by the World Ocean Day Youth Advisory Council on June 8 and year round, catalyzes collective action for a healthy ocean and a stable climate. The APRU Annual Presidents’ Meeting will be held June 24-26 on the shores of the Pacific Ocean in Tāmaki Makaurau (the Māori name for Auckland) under the theme “Oceans – The World’s Challenges Divide Us, the Ocean Currents Connect Us.”

In January 2024, Chile and Palau were the first nations to ratify the ‘Treaty of the High Seas’. This international agreement, also known under its acronym BBNJ (Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction), signed by 90 states, constitutes a historic landmark. It represents the first international treaty designed to protect the vast areas of the globe’s oceans that lie outside national jurisdictions, constituting two-thirds of the oceans’ surface and 95% of their volume. As a gigantic environmental, economic and cultural resource, home to an estimated 700,000 marine species (of which to date, just 226,000 have been identified and recorded), the oceans are under threat from a wide range of factors. Given that oceans absorb 90% of the excess heat generated by the greenhouse gas emissions trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere, the oceans are warming, which increases their salinity and reduces their oxygen level. In addition to the excess heat, oceans absorb 30% of the carbon dioxide which in turns leads to acidification and lesser concentrations of nutrients. Many other threats can be added: the rise of sea level which endangers coastal communities and low-lying islands in the Pacific; overfishing and bycatch; the destruction of habitats; pollution; and invasive marine species. As these threats happen at the same time, they have a cumulative negative effect on the state of the oceans and the global ecosystems, including the well-being of the human populations that depend on the oceans. This article is part of a series on Pacific Rim higher education and research issues published by University World News and supported by the Association of Pacific Rim Universities. University World News is solely responsible for the editorial content. The role of partnerships In its multilateral, holistic approach, the Treaty of the High Seas is an exemplary model of how states can partner for the conservation of biodiversity and the protection of ecosystems. Beyond the level of governments, other partnerships can make meaningful contributions to the same objectives. Universities and university alliances, over the past 20 years, have embraced social responsibility and environmental protection as key components of their mission. The Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU), as a global network spanning the Pacific Ocean, with 61 member institutions in 18 economies, plays a particularly relevant role among such partnerships. Data provided by APRU’s partner Elsevier show that global research output in marine research has increased by almost a third in the last five years and is growing faster than other fields. The field is highly international, which is also a trademark of APRU’s multilateral engagement. Within the five years 2018-22 (which includes the time of the COVID pandemic), APRU’s 61 member universities produced 8,520 scholarly publications in marine research, one sixth of the entire global scholarly output in the field. Three of the four most prolific countries in marine science (the United States, China and Australia) are member economies of APRU; our most prolific member institutions in marine science are the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Washington, followed by the University of Queensland and the University of British Columbia. APRU member universities also feature some of the leading global research institutes in ocean science, such as the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego. They boast multiple world-class marine research stations across the Pacific Ocean, some of which are located at biodiversity hotspots such as the Great Barrier Reef and the Galapagos Islands. APRU member universities share research and resources for ocean protection through collaborative research initiatives. These initiatives regularly involve interdisciplinary teams from multiple institutions working together to address complex oceanic issues, none of which can be resolved in isolation. Researchers from our member institutions collaborate intensely on hundreds of projects related to marine biodiversity, the impact of climate change on ocean ecosystems, or sustainable fisheries management. Collective research power Universities – and we at APRU as a large university consortium – have the capacity to leverage their vast collective research power in marine science towards the many challenges the Pacific Ocean is facing. What is more important, we have the responsibility to do so. In collaboration with the University of New South Wales in Sydney (UNSW Sydney) through its Sustainable Development Reform Hub, we are embarking on a new ‘Pacific Ocean Fellowship Programme’ to educate the next generation of leaders in ocean science in the Pacific Islands, the most vulnerable area of the Pacific. The programme aspires to nurture a new generation of ocean leaders and marine experts, thoroughly versed in the complex nature of problems present in the Pacific. Students participating in the fellowship programme will receive complementary training spanning international frameworks and accords, marine sciences, governance structures, sociocultural implications, policy-making and economic considerations. Delivered by APRU member institutions, courses covering these fields will enrich the primary studies of participating students at universities in the Pacific Islands or other APRU-affiliated institutions, thereby enhancing their academic breadth and professional outlook. APRU’s upcoming Annual Presidents’ Meeting at the University of Auckland (24 June to 26 June) will focus entirely on the threat the oceans are facing and how we can tackle them collectively. The meeting’s official motto ‘Oceans – The World’s Challenges Divide Us, the Ocean Currents Connect Us’, can also be reversed. Emphasising that while the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean separates us, we are called to partner to address the challenges of this largest ocean on our planet. As we commemorate World Ocean Day, the dedication of universities stands out. Through groundbreaking research and advising policymaking bodies, institutions worldwide epitomise the spirit of partnership and innovation that propel change. Collectively, they inspire us to envision a future where ocean conservation transitions from an aspiration to a reality. By leveraging shared knowledge and resources, universities can navigate a path toward a sustainable and resilient ocean, preserving its beauty and vitality for future generations. This is not an option that we are free either to accept or to decline. With oceans driving the world’s ecosystems and sustaining more than 40% of humanity which lives on their shores, the future of the oceans is the future of us all. As António Guterres, secretary general of the United Nations, phrased it for Ocean Day 2024: “Humanity can count on the ocean, but can the ocean count on us? Today and every day let’s put the ocean first.”

Photo taken during the symbolic signing of the MOU between EOS-NTU Singapore represented by Assistant Professor Kyle Morgan from NTU’s Asian School of the Environment and Earth Observatory of Singapore and S.E.A. Aquarium represented by Mr Abel Yeo from S.E.A. Aquarium’s Education, Research and Conservation team.   A new joint project between APRU member Nanyang Technological University, Singapore’s Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS) and S.E.A. Aquarium in Singapore feeds perfectly into APRU’s current preparations for the upcoming World Ocean’s Day and the APRU Annual Presidents’ Meeting. EOS conducts fundamental research on earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and climate change in and around Southeast Asia, toward safer and more sustainable societies. Marked with a symbolic underwater signing of a Memorandum of Understanding on April 30, the new two-year collaboration aims to bring together the expertise and resources of both S.E.A. Aquarium and EOS to help build climate resilience through research projects and educational activities. Researchers and students from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) will be able to use the facilities of S.E.A. Aquarium to trial their equipment before field deployment for their research. EOS will also explore installing sensors to monitor sea-level changes of the Singapore coastline. The marine research conducted by NTU’s EOS will be showcased by the aquarium, with online webinars and educational videos created for visitors. This initiative will push boundaries to combat climate change and conserve the oceans on multiple fronts: public-private partnerships, furthering education, engaging with the public. “Educating and engaging with diverse communities, such as the youth and the private sector, is crucial to mitigate and adapt to climate change,” said Prof. Benjamin Horton, Director of EOS. “It empowers them with the knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes needed to act as agents of change.” Other EOS initiatives pushing boundaries to combat climate change and conserve the oceans through furthering public-private partnerships, education, and engagement with the public are a cooperation with Science Centre Singapore for the development of exhibitions and educational programs, as well as the production of the “Changing Ocean Asia” documentary, which explores key themes such as engineering solutions to higher sea levels in Asia, super corals, extreme weather and tsunamis, and sinking cities. Previously in November 2023, EOS collaborated with the APRU Multi-Hazards Program to host The 18th APRU Multi-Hazards Symposium 2023 with the theme “Advancing Frontiers in Disaster Risk Science, Technology and Policy”. The conference, held at the off-campus complex NTU@one-north in a major business area of the city state, proved to be a valuable platform for more than 120 participants from 15 economies to circle in on a wide range of issues related to climate change, earthquake risks, urban planning, public health and environmental hazards. World Ocean Day, powered by the World Ocean Day Youth Advisory Council on June 8 and year round, catalyses collective action for a healthy ocean and a stable climate. The APRU Annual Presidents’ Meeting, for its part, will be held June 24-26 on the shores of the Pacific Ocean in Tāmaki Makaurau (the Māori name for Auckland). Hosted by the University of Auckland under the theme “Oceans – The World’s Challenges Divide Us, the Ocean Currents Connect Us”, the event will explore and exchange knowledge and insights to consider the impacts of climate change on the oceans and the implications for communities and indigenous populations, climate justice, as well as food and water security.

The preparation for the upcoming World Ocean’s Day and the APRU Annual Presidents’ Meeting serves as a timely opportunity to highlight the Chinese University of Hong Kong’s (CUHK) trailblazing contribution to the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), a moonshot for biology aiming to sequence, catalogue, and characterize the genomes of all of Earth’s eukaryotic biodiversity over a period of ten years.  CUHK is leading the Earth BioGenome Project Hong Kong (EBPHK), a collective effort of all eight local universities to address the challenge of understanding and preserving biodiversity through sequencing genomes of animals, plants, and fungi in the local territory. EBPHK cooperates with the APRU Pacific Rim Biodiversity and Sustainability Program, which draws its strength from APRU member institutions representing a significant portion of the world’s research on biodiversity.  “There is much synergy with APRU’s Pacific Rim Biodiversity and Sustainability Program, and CUHK is pooling together the expertise from both initiatives to promote collective action to address biodiversity loss, protect ecosystems, and combat the impacts of climate change for a more sustainable future,” according to EBPHK and APRU’s Pacific Rim Biodiversity and Sustainability Program. “Collaboration” was emphasized at the 2024 APRU x EBPHK Joint International Conference on Biodiversity, Conservation, Genomics and Sustainability held from February 15 to 17 at CUHK, drawing over 120 participants from 17 universities and other organizations across eight economies. The three-day conference brought together academics from Asia-Pacific region, along with NGO practitioners, educators, and communities from Hong Kong. Attendees discussed biodiversity, conservation, genomics, and sustainability while acknowledging over a million species being under threat of extinction. 49 speakers explored various subtopics such as genetics and genome evolutionary biology related to climate change, biodiversity of bacteria, fungi, insects, and plants, sustainable cities and lifestyles, and biodiversity education. World Ocean Day, powered by the World Ocean Day Youth Advisory Council on June 8 and year round, catalyzes collective action for a healthy ocean and a stable climate. The APRU Annual Presidents’ Meeting, for its part, will be held June 24-26 on the shores of the Pacific Ocean in Tāmaki Makaurau (the Māori name for Auckland). Hosted by the University of Auckland under the theme “Oceans – The World’s Challenges Divide Us, the Ocean Currents Connect Us”, the event will explore and exchange knowledge and insights to consider the impacts of climate change on the oceans and the implications for communities and indigenous populations, climate justice, as well as food and water security. “The CUHK-led Earth BioGenome Project Hong Kong illustrates the University’s impressively strong dedication to cross-disciplinary collaboration,” said Christina Schönleber, Chief Strategy Officer of APRU. “It perfectly promotes and inspires action for our oceans and climate programs.”

Photo Credit: The Chinese University of Hong Kong   “Collaboration” was reiterated at the 2024 APRU x EBPHK Joint International Conference on Biodiversity, Conservation, Genomics and Sustainability from February 15 to 17 at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) that attracted 127 participants from 17 universities and other organizations from eight economies. The three-day conference, jointly organized by the APRU Biodiversity and Sustainability Program and Earth BioGenome Project: Hong Kong and hosted by CUHK, gathered academics from the Asia-Pacific region, as well as NGO practitioners, schoolteachers and members of the public from Hong Kong. Participants shared insights into biodiversity, conservation, genomics, and sustainability, against the backdrop of over a million species being under threat of extinction. 49 speakers delved deeply into a wide range of subtopics, including genetics and genome evolutionary biology research in response to climate change, biodiversity of bacteria, fungi, insects and plants, human-environment interactions for sustainable cities and sustainable lifestyles, as well as biodiversity education. “Collaboration is key to the goal we wish to achieve, and collaboration cannot stop at the borders,” said Professor Alan Chan, Provost of CUHK. Prof. Chan, who serves on the APRU Biodiversity and Sustainability Program Steering Committee, added that “we will generate new knowledge that improves our understanding of technological intervention that allows us to better manage the resources that are part of the human heritage.” The APRU Biodiversity and Sustainability Program was established in 2021 drawing its strength from APRU member institutions representing a significant portion of the world’s research and knowledge capabilities on biodiversity. The program was jointly led by Prof. Jerome Hui from CUHK and Prof. Nathan Lo from The University of Sydney. Earth BioGenome Project: Hong Kong (EBPHK) is another organizer of the conference. The Hong Kong initiative is derived from the Earth BioGenome Project, which is described as a moonshot project for biology and aims to sequence, catalogue, and analyse the genomes of all eukaryotes on Earth, including animals, fungi, and plants. As a local chapter of the global project, EBPHK was jointly established by eight publicly funded universities in Hong Kong, with an initial focus on organisms that are in high concern and great interest in the city. The conference was complemented with a field trip to Tai O, a traditional fishing village on Lantau Island that is endowed with a wide variety of natural habitats and species of animals and plants with conservation value. “At the moment we are losing species at a frequency over a thousand times faster than species were lost before human lived on this planet,” said Professor Kathy Belov, Pro-Vice-Chancellor of The University of Sydney. Also an APRU Biodiversity Program SC member, Prof. Belov added that “today, you are here to think about how to drive solutions to address biodiversity loss, to better protect the ecosystems, and to combat the impacts of climate change.” APRU’s Chief Executive Professor Thomas Schneider pointed out that the program provides a platform to support catalytic partnerships and collaborations. “By connecting scientists, as well as experts and key stakeholders from other sectors of society, the hub creates new incentives for collective action to protect Asia Pacific ecosystems, address biodiversity loss and combat the impacts of climate change,” Prof. Schneider said. Here is a news article on the conference published by CUHK.

Pioneering Study of Centipedes and Millipedes Breaks New Ground for Biodiversity A new genome-sequencing study by CUHK biologists has uncovered the hidden genetic histories that explain differences in the behaviour and diets of centipedes and millipedes. These surprising evolutionary insights could help scientists better understand the vital ecological roles that these creatures play in sustaining and restoring natural ecosystems. The findings were reported in the prestigious scientific journal Nature Communications. Centipedes prey on insects and other invertebrates, while millipedes feed on leaf litter and other decaying organic matter. Both belong to a group of invertebrate animals called myriapods, which means ‘10,000 feet’ in Ancient Greek and includes about 16,000 extant species. Myriapods perform many crucial ecological functions, including recycling nutrients in the soil and keeping forests healthy. Despite their importance, however, myriapods are relatively understudied compared to invertebrates that share similar features, such as insects, arachnids and crustaceans. A fork in the family tree In a major advance for myriapod knowledge, a CUHK team has now sequenced the whole genome of nine centipede and millipede species, creating high-quality reference genomes that constitute the world’s first myriapod gene repertoire analysis. These genomic studies revealed several unexpected gene alterations that led to the different adaptive pathways followed by centipede and millipede lineages after their divergence from a common ancestor, according to Prof. Jerome Hui of CUHK’s School of Life Sciences. ‘This remarkable divergence has led to two very different lifestyles being expressed in extant myriapods: predation in centipedes, characterised by the evolution of offensive chemical weaponry in the form of venom, and a detritivorous diet in millipedes,’ explains Prof. Hui. ‘We provide the first steps towards unravelling the genomic bases of the divergent adaptations underlying these two lineages with very different ecologies.’ Applying genomic insights to promoting biodiversity Prof. Hui was part of the consortium that published the first centipede genome. He has led a research team working on myriapods since 2013 and published the first millipede genome. This latest study provides a firmer foundation for further basic and applied research on myriapods, which in turn can contribute to studies of biodiversity and ecology. Prof. Jerome Hui (1st right) co-chairs the new APRU Biodiversity and Pacific Ocean Programme. Prof. Hui added, ‘In the near future, in addition to continuing to explore the hidden biology and genomics, we need to fully understand the ecological roles in soil and forest ecosystems of this fascinating yet neglected group of organisms. Hopefully one day we can better understand these life forms on land, the effects of climate change on them and their contribution to nutrient recycling, and perhaps eventually achieve zero hunger via agricultural applications.’ Prof. Hui is Co-chair of the new Biodiversity and Pacific Ocean Programme of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities which seeks to promote collective action to address biodiversity loss, protect ecosystems and combat the impacts of climate change. Co-leading the initiative with the University of Sydney and the University of California, Davis, other members include Universidad de los Andes, University of Malaya and University of the Philippines. Read more: CUHK builds a genome bank of myriapods offering clues to the divergent behaviours of centipedes and millipedes

The APRU Biodiversity Genomics Program and Network was launched with an inaugural symposium on November 30. The event brought together leading genomics experts from the region to discuss progress in this area, the challenges they face, and how collective action can advance biodiversity genomics. While ‘10–15 million eukaryotic species and perhaps trillions of bacterial and archaeal species adorn the Tree of Life, ∼2.3 million are actually known, and of those, fewer than 15,000, mostly microbes, have completed or partially sequenced genomes’ (1) “We are all very aware of threats to the world’s biodiversity so APRU has developed this symposium in biodiversity genomics to share best practices and discuss challenges. We are doing this in partnership with the University of Sydney, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and UC Davis to share best practices and discuss challenges in biodiversity genomics, which we hope will lead to the development of a region wide program supporting important capacity building activities,” APRU Secretary General Christopher Tremewan said, emphasizing the importance the program will have in addressing the biodiversity challenges of the region. Nathan Lo, Professor of Evolutionary Biology at the University of Sydney, together with Jerome Hui, Associate Professor at The Chinese University of Hong Kong’s School of Life Sciences, led on the development of the Symposium and moderated the event. Harris Lewin, Professor of Evolution and Ecology at the University of California, Davis, gave the keynote address on the Earth BioGenome Project, an initiative that aims to sequence and catalog the genomes of all of Earth’s currently described eukaryotic species over a period of ten years. Lewin warned that eukaryotic life is under threat from pollution, over-exploitation, invasive species and, even more alarmingly, climate change. Andrew Jackson Crawford, Associate Professor at the Department of Biological Sciences of the Universidad de los Andes, presented on challenges and solutions for biodiversity genomics in Colombia. Dr. Carolyn Hogg, Senior Research Manager for the Australasian Wildlife Genomics Group in the Faculty of Science of The University of Sydney, explained how genomics could be used to reduce the rate of species extinction in Australia. The other speakers were Dr. Herawati Sudoyo, Deputy Director of the Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology in Jakarta; Balaji Chattopadhyay, Assistant Professor at the Trivedi School of Biosciences at Ashoka University; Subha Bhassu, Professor of Animal Genetics and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Malaya’s Institute of Biological Sciences; Hayde Galvez, Assistant Professor and Researcher at the University of the Philippines Los Banos; and program co-leader Jerome Hui. Following the presentations, Kathy Belov, Pro-Vice Chancellor (Global Engagement) and Professor of Comparative Genomics at the University of Sydney, explained the APRU Biodiversity Genomics Program and Network’s future agenda, encouraging anyone interested to join the group to approach the organizers. “Over the coming months we will hold a series of workshops with the aim of building a new APRU strategic project focused on Biodiversity. This platform will give biodiversity researchers around the Pacific Rim an opportunity to join together to tackle biodiversity decline in our region using the latest advances in science. Working together we can influence policy and tackle one of the greatest challenges facing our region – the loss of our iconic native species,” Belov said. Find out more details about the symposium here. ______________ (1) Earth BioGenome Project: Sequencing life for the future of life Harris A. Lewin, Gene E. Robinson, W. John Kress, William J. Baker, Jonathan Coddington, Keith A. Crandall, Richard Durbin, Scott V. Edwards, Félix Forest, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Melissa M. Goldstein, Igor V. Grigoriev, Kevin J. Hackett, David Haussler, Erich D. Jarvis, Warren E. Johnson, Aristides Patrinos, Stephen Richards, Juan Carlos Castilla-Rubio, Marie-Anne van Sluys, Pamela S. Soltis, Xun Xu, Huanming Yang, Guojie Zhang Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Apr 2018, 115 (17) 4325-4333; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720115115

Read the book now >> For your interest the APRU report starts here>> APRU is pleased to note that the Human Development Forum, an educational and research organization founded on close collaboration with UN agencies, UN member states, and civil sector organizations, has published the digital edition of A Better World Vol. 6. A Better World is a series of publications that dedicates each volume to one of the 17 SDGs. The new volume covers Goal 14 – Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. APRU’s contribution draws on the Pacific Ocean Program, featuring economy-specific analysis conducted by a team of experts from the University of British Columbia and the University of Washington on the ways that all SDG goals contribute or detract from SDG 14 throughout the Pacific. APRU recommends policymaking that analyzes the contribution that each individual SDG makes to others, as this could help prioritize SDG achievements while minimizing the chances of unrealistic expectations and avoidable side-effects. Indeed, APRU research illustrates the complexity of SDG achievements, including by demonstrating that eliminating poverty and hunger (SDGs 1 and 2) may delay the achievement of SDG 14 in the Pacific. “By focusing on the experience and livelihoods of people, especially those in vulnerable human habitats, the book shows the benefits of best policy and practices, and how these may develop further as we come to terms with a changing and more turbulent world,” said Sean Nicklin, the Human Development Forum’s General Coordinator. “This innovative endeavor is a striking example of sharing respective resources to engage the many official governmental, international organizations, institutions, and professional interests in displaying the extent and variety of their efforts to make the world a better place,” he added. A Better World Vol. 6’s key subjects are coral reefs; implementation of international law; mangroves; marine and coastal ecosystem management; marine pollution; scientific knowledge; sustainable blue economy; and sustainable fisheries. It contains fascinating contributions from researchers and organizations across the world. A number of the supporting agencies and institutions have asked to incorporate the book in their social media campaigns, including the contributing UN agencies. The Human Development Forum plans to publish the print volume in June 2020.

APRU academic experts informed APEC officials at a workshop hosted by the APEC Marine Sustainable Development Center on Marine Debris and Microplastics held in Xiamen, China, Dec 3-5, 2019. The discussion on governance of the Pacific Ocean and the affiliated fight against microplastics and marine debris has become dramatically important, given that plastic waste has been continuously impacting the marine eco-system, inflicting tremendous damage on coastal communities’ livelihood and posing a great threat to sustainable marine development. APRU’s Deo Florence Onda, an assistant professor at the University of the Philippines Diliman’s Microbal Oceanography Laboratory, spoke on the role of microbes on the fate of plastics in the marine environment, and APRU’s Christelle Not, an assistant professor at the University of Hong Kong’s Department of Earth Sciences, presented her evaluation of the plastic pollution in Hong Kong and its link with the global plastic issue. “Although we are still at the early stage of monitoring the level of plastic pollution in Hong Kong waters, we are already observing a strong spatial and temporal variability in the abundance of microplastics,” Not said. “It is clear that this is impacting the marine ecosystem and we found that fish and crabs from Hong Kong have ingested microplastics,” she added. The workshop was organized by the APEC Marine Sustainable Development Center and Third Institute of Oceanography, with more than 120 representatives from 11 APEC economies taking the opportunity to exchange ideas on policy, scientific research, and the public and private sectors’ participation in addressing marine debris and microplastics. APRU contributed to the development of the Blue Citizen Partnership Initiative conceptualized to engage those who are willing to learn about the ocean and to practically involve themselves in marine environment protection.     The initiative is designed to heighten citizens’ awareness of reducing marine debris, to develop their concept of sustainable marine development, and to deepen their understanding of all the dangers that are associated with marine debris and microplastics pollution. It aims to accelerate investment in education of marine science and scientific knowledge to address waste sorting; encourage the “greening” of industries; and promote eco-wise behaviours and lifestyles, including by motivating tourists to resolutely cut down their use of disposable plastic products. The Blue Citizens Initiative will continue to be developed within APEC. A clean ocean is a common vision, APRU is supportive of the Blue Citizens Initiative and through the APRU Pacific Ocean Program joins the relentless pursuit of protecting the global marine community.

2020 APEC ASPIRE Prize Now accepting nominations More information at: https://www.apec.org/aspire/aspire2020 The APEC Science Prize for Innovation, Research and Education (“ASPIRE”) is an annual award which recognizes young scientists who have demonstrated a commitment to both excellence in scientific research, as evidenced by scholarly publication and cooperation with scientists from other APEC member economies. The ASPIRE Prize supports APEC’s mission to: strengthen international science and technology networks; enhance economic growth, trade and investment opportunities in harmony with sustainable development, through policies, innovative R&D and technologies, and knowledge sharing; and improve linkages and efficiency between research and innovation. ASPIRE 2020: BIODIVERSITY FOR A PROSPEROUS ECONOMY Each year the APEC host economy is asked to provide a theme to guide nominations for the ASPIRE Prize to be awarded in their host year. For its host year of 2020, Malaysia selects “Biodiversity for a Prosperous Economy” as the ASPIRE nominating theme. Biodiversity is foundational for human health as it underpins the functioning of our ecosystems and dependence for food and water, climate, floods and disease, and more. This theme focuses on scientists’ contributions to biodiversity for prosperous economies across the APEC region by spurring research that contributes to local livelihoods, both traditional and modern medicines, and economic development. Each member economy, through its representative on the APEC Policy Partnership for Science, Technology and Innovation (PPSTI), is invited to nominate one young scientist under the age of 40 to be considered for the 2020 ASPIRE Prize. Nominees should demonstrate a commitment to excellence in scientific research and cooperation with scientists from other APEC member economies in subjects such as: biology, chemistry, environmental science, physics, and other relevant fields. ELIGIBILITY Any citizen of an APEC member economy is eligible to be nominated for the ASPIRE Prize. He/she must be living at the time of his/her nomination and be under the age of 40 as of 31 December of that year (i.e., all 2020 nominees must be under the age of 40 as of 31 December 2020). SELECTION PROCESS Each member economy, through its representative on the APEC Policy Partnership for Science, Technology and Innovation (PPSTI), is invited to nominate one young scientist under the age of 40 to be considered for the ASPIRE Prize. Individually qualified applicants are encouraged to complete the “Local Nomination Form” and send it to PPSTI Program Director Ms. Eva Nakamura ([email protected]) by 15 May 2020 so it may be directed toward local economy reviewers. Once nominations are received, PPSTI members rank the nominees through a selection ballot to determine the winner. PPSTI members are asked to judge the nominees based on how well they have demonstrated: Excellence in scientific research, as evidenced through scholarly publication; Commitment to cooperation with scientists from other APEC member economies; and Contribution to the theme of “Biodiversity for a Prosperous Economy.” The winner will be recognized at an award ceremony during the 16th APEC PPSTI Meeting in Malaysia tentatively scheduled for August 2020. ASPIRE PRIZE SPONSORS Wiley and Elsevier, two of the world’s leading publishers of scholarly scientific knowledge, have committed to funding prize money in the amount of $25,000 USD.

Leading marine science expert of APRU’s Pacific Ocean Program on advancing UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14: Life Below Water informed policymakers on early findings of the program at the Third Senior Officials’ Meeting (SOM3) in Puerto Varas, Chile, in August. APRU’s Inaugural Pacific Ocean Cluster Project: Advancing SDG 14 for the sustainable future of the Pacific Ocean focuses on enhancing sustainable development of coastal states, communities, and economies around the Pacific-Rim region. The overall aim is to provide policy pathways to advance SDG 14. A team of experts from The University of British Columbia and University of Washington have conducted economy-specific analysis of the ways that all SDG goals contribute or detract from SDG 14 throughout the Pacific, with the initial results indicating a potential asymmetry in SDG alignment and achievements. From this team, Gerald Singh, now an assistant professor at the Department of Geography of the Memorial University of Newfoundland indicates that these initial results means that while making progress to achieve SDG 14 there are benefits to SDGs 1 and 2 of ending poverty and hunger (though not fully achieve these goals). However, fully achieving the goals of eliminating poverty and hunger by the 2020-2030 achievement dates may prevent the achievement of SDG 14 in the Pacific. Singh furthermore explained that the achievement of the SDG 14 in the Pacific is also being complicated by the economies not clustering according to classic development categories such as “developed”, “developing”, and “transitioning” but instead including a mix of fully developed and developed economies. In view of these findings, it is the project team’s key objective to collaborate and explore ideas with the OFWG [APEC’s Oceans and Fisheries Working Group] more closely. “One area for collaboration can be through data sharing across projects to support comparison and verifying project results,” he added. Singh’s presentation to APEC OFWG and initiated and supported through the APRU Pacific Ocean Program generated great interest by some member economies as well as non-member guests. Next steps included discussions of the possibility of future collaboration with the delegations of China; the Philippines; the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security; the Ocean Conservation Administration Ocean Affairs Council (in Chinese Taipei); as well as The Nature Conservancy. The SOM3 is the last senior officials’ preparatory meeting before the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting (AELM) in November. Held under the theme “Connecting people, building the future,” it facilitated fruitful discussion surrounding the priority areas of digital economy, regional economic integration, connectivity, marine cooperation, and women and inclusive growth.

The issue of marine debris has received high attention from economies, international organizations and multiple fora. The Workshop on Best Practices Sharing on Marine Debris Management in Coastal Cities of APEC Region was held in Xiamen on Nov 4-5th, 2017. The workshop outputs were put into the United Nations General Assembly Resolution on “Oceans and the law of the Sea” as Article 215. This forthcoming workshop taking place July 26-27, 2018 proposes to collect innovative approaches and to share best practice to address marine debris in the APEC region. Click here to see the proposal. The workshop objectives are to: 1) collect innovative approaches addressing marine debris; 2) share best practice, information, and technologies to reduce marine debris in the APEC region; 3) encourage and promote Public Private Partnerships. The event, hosted in partnership with Peking University, is aimed at managers/policy makers, researchers, and private-sector participants and will feature a 1-day meeting and 1-day scientific tour. The APEC Marine Sustainable Development Center China is making funding available for one APRU scholar to contribute to the session addressing new research advances on marine debris and micro-plastics. See a post-event report from Peking University here.

The first APEC Marine Sustainable Development Report (AMSD) developed by the APEC Marine Sustainable Development Centre received endorsement in 2014. The AMSD is the first comprehensive report in APEC to research the status and progresses of marine sustainable development of the Asia-Pacific region. Download the AMSD here At the 2016 APEC Ministerial Meeting in Peru it was proposed to update the AMSD to promote regional marine sustainable development as a key APEC contribution to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The proposed theme of report 2 is ‘APEC Sustainable Development Report: Sustainable Development Goals in APEC’. The report objectives are to: 1. reflect trends and endeavors of APEC and its member economies in achieving SDGs, especially SDG 14 and other goals and objectives relevant to ocean and coasts; 2. map and take stock of OFWG’s projects and activities relevant to marine sustainable development; 3. serve as a platform to take APEC’s active role in facilitating the implementation of 2030 agenda in Asia-Pacific region. The APEC Marine Sustainable Development Centre is currently bringing together a core group of experts to support the development of the general report (which will be supplemented by a collection of economic reports) and is calling for nominations from APRU member experts with the following backgrounds: 1. marine management and policy especially marine pollution control 2. marine ecosystem conversation and resource management 3. ocean and climate change and sustainable fisheries management Roles and Responsibilities of the core expert group a) develop the general report by setting outline, collecting useful data and information, drafting and reviewing; b) have sufficient communication during the formulation process of the report through workshops, informal meetings, tele-meetings and emails; c) work in collaboration with APEC Marine Sustainable Development Centre to finalize and publish the final report; d) design the questionnaire to collect relevant information from member economies for the purpose of drafting AMSD Report 2. e) work on other issues concerning the developing and updating of the report; A 2-day workshop is expected to be convened in Xiamen sometime between July and September 2017 for shaping the theme, chapter structure and outlines of the report. Date of the workshop is to be determined after the establishment of core expert group. Some funding maybe available to support academic expert participation. TBC in due course. See the information sheet for more detail about background, proposed work plan, methodologies and time frame of overall project. Nomination form for the core expert group will need to be submitted to [email protected] via emailed by end of Friday, May 26, 2017. APRU will forward suitable nominations to the APEC project team who will contact selected experts by the middle of June 2017. See here for more information about the APEC Marine Sustainable Development Centre For more information about the report, please contact [email protected] For more information about the application process, please email to [email protected] Download attachments: Information_Sheet_concerning_Nomination_of_the_AMSD_report.pdf APRU_Experts_Recommendation_Form_of_AMSD_report.docx